Conclusion
CSA presents a flexible, evidence-informed pathway to strengthen food security and climate
adaptation across Africa when interventions are bundled, tailored to local agro-ecologies,
supported by aligned finance and extension systems, and linked to value chains and monitoring
frameworks that ensure benefits are realized and verified (Lipper et al., 2017).
Scaling CSA at national and regional levels requires integrated policy coordination, investment
in human and institutional capacity, and pragmatic verification mechanisms to unlock blended
finance and results-based incentives that make CSA economically attractive and equitable for
smallholders (IPCC, 2023).
BOOK CHAPTERS 13 OCTOBER 2025 KAPSIYA JOEL
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