Conclusion
Climate change is one of the greatest threats to sustainable livestock production in the 21st century. It compromises animal health by increasing the risks of heat stress, disease outbreaks, malnutrition, and water scarcity. Productivity in terms of milk, meat, and eggs is declining, thereby threatening global food security. Developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, are the most vulnerable due to their heavy dependence on livestock for income, nutrition, and cultural practices. Despite these challenges, opportunities exist to safeguard livestock production. By adopting climate-smart practices that combine adaptation and mitigation strategies, farmers can reduce the vulnerability of their herds, improve productivity, and secure their livelihoods. However, success requires the collective efforts of farmers, researchers, policymakers, and international organizations working together to address the multi-dimensional impacts of climate change on animal agriculture.BOOK CHAPTER AUGUST 2026.Oyeleye, O. O. 7
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