Chapter Twelve Climate-Smart Livestock Production: Adaptation, Mitigation and Sustainable Strategies for Resilient Livestock systems Amaechi, C.I. and Adeyemi, E.A Department of Agricultural Science, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Nigeria Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria

CONCLUSION Climate change poses a multidimensional threat to livestock production through heat stress, declining feed quality, water scarcity, disease risks and extreme weather events. At the same time, livestock production contributes to climate change through methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions. Climate-smart livestock production offers an approach for addressing these interconnected challenges. Adaptation can be strengthened through climate-resilient genetics, improved housing, nutrition, pasture management, water conservation and early-warning systems. Mitigation can be enhanced through agroforestry, integrated crop–livestock systems, improved feed efficiency, dietary manipulation, nitrogen management and improved manure handling.SAEREM 2026 OCTOBER BOOK CHAPTER NEW.Chapter Twelve